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East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue is the most famous intersection in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. The legendary commercial junction consists of several blocks from East to West between 107th Street and 105th Street. The introduction of streetcars and trolleys brought hordes of Clevelanders to the corner block for shopping and entertainment. Nearby areas, banks, apartment houses, theaters, hotels, and commercial buildings also brought traffic to the site. Appearances of legendary performers from the Vaudeville heyday substantiated 105th and Euclid’s landmark status. Today, in spite of decades of resistance from property owners,〔Plain Dealer (July 13, 1977) Front Page “Clinic and U. Circle Inc. Accused of Land Squeeze” http://www.plaindealer.com/newsroom/archives.php.〕 the site has been overtaken by the continuing expansion〔Plain Dealer, Front Page Headline (November 8, 1980). "Clinic Plans Massive Expansion” Elizabeth Price, and Amos A. Kermisch, http://www.plaindealer.com/newsroom/archives.php.〕 of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation.〔Plain Dealer, Front Page Headline (May 4, 2010): Clinic Plans Major Growth… http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2010/05/london_architect_to_design_20-.html〕 == History == The location was once known as "Doan’s Corners."〔Encyclopedia of Cleveland History.http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=EA〕 The East-side landmark, which featured a tavern, a general store and a baking soda factory, was initially established by the local frontiersman and early settler Nathaniel Doan. In addition to his other business enterprises, there was Doan’s Corner Cemetery,〔Doan’s Corner Cemetery http://www.ectcf.org/hezekiah_ford_and_his_descendent.htm〕 which was adjacent to the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church〔Euclid Avenue Congregational Church http://www.universitycircle.org/detail-location.aspx?type=location&id=142&cat=§ion=address=9606+Euclid+Avenue++Cleveland+OH+44106〕 when it was located on the lot. Sometime in 1867 the church moved several blocks West to its new location on the corner of Euclid Avenue and 96th Street.〔Euclid Avenue Congregational Church http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/03/euclid_avenue_congregational_c.html〕 In later years, the most popular attraction on the site facing Euclid Avenue〔Post, Charles Asa (28 October 1848-2 May 1943). ''The Dean of Doan’s Corners'' http://www.clevelandmemory.org/speccoll/barrow/thesis/biblio.html〕 was the opulent 3,000 plush velvet seat Keith’s 105th Street Theater, which launched local comedian Bob Hope and other notable Vaudeville acts into the upper echelons of show business. These acts included comedians, singers, dancers, acrobats, freak shows, jugglers, high divers, and escape artists. During the turbulent, riot-torn 1960s, in one of the most racially polarized cities in the country, this area witnessed the creation and rise of an urban paradise, imagined, engineered, owned and operated by a young African-American entrepreneur, Winston E. Willis. Shortly after the infamous Glenville Shootout〔Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, The Glenville Shootout (July,1968) http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=GS1〕 and subsequent widespread riots, white business owners began leaving the area in record numbers. Stunned and shaken by the eruption of racial violence, boarded-up storefronts and abandoned buildings signaled the mass exodus toward the safety of more ethnically controlled neighborhoods.〔''Promises of Power: A Political Autobiography'', Carl B. Stokes ISBN 978-0-671-21602-3 Simon & Schuster (1973)〕 Having been under the notion that the election of a black mayor, Carl B. Stokes, would be their insurance against such violent uprisings, and fearing an all-out race war, previously successful white business owners left the inner city in droves and never looked back. Shortly thereafter, seizing the moment and purchasing many commercial properties, Winston E. Willis set about cleaning up the financially devastated corner block. He revitalized this blighted area with brightly lit colorful buildings, well-run stores, and 24-hour security, and created an inner-city Disneyland. Movie theaters, penny arcades, restaurants, bars, adult book stores, office suites, clothing stores, and beauty and barber shops transformed the deserted corner block and brought renewed prosperity to the black community. The new '"105th and Euclid, sometimes known colloquially as "The Block," or "The Five," became the most "happening" place in the city, offering something for everyone. The popular New Orleans Restaurant offered free meals on Saturdays,〔Call & Post Pg. 2-B., "Restaurant Gives Free Meals on Saturdays". (January 12, 1984) http://www.cleveland.com/call-and-post/index.ssf.〕 the Scrumpy-Dump Cinema offered family entertainment at affordable prices, and a state liquor store was open until midnight. On August 5, 1914, the American Traffic Signal Company installed a traffic signal system on the corner of East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue, the first traffic light installed in the United States.〔Sessions, Gordon M. (1971). Traffic devices: historical aspects thereof. Washington: Institute of Traffic Engineers. pp. 27–28. OCLC 278619.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「105th and Euclid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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